SISTEM OPERASIONAL INTERNAL BANK SYARIAH
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran umum tentang sistem operasional internal bank Syariah. Untuk alasan ini para peneliti menggunakan metode pengumpulan data sekunder yang didapat dari buku dan jurnal dari internet. Hasil penelitian meliputi: (1) Sistem Penghimpunan Dana; Metode penghimpunan dana yang ada pada bank-bank konvensional didasari teori yang diungkapkan Keynes yang mengemukakan bahwa orang membutuhkan uang untuk tiga kegunaan, yaitu fungsi transaksi, cadangan dan investasi. Teori tersebut menyebabkan produk penghimpunan dana disesuaikan dengan tiga fungsi tersebut, yaitu berupa giro, tabungan dan deposito. (2) Sistem Penyaluran Dana (Financing); Produk penyaluran dana di bank syariah dapat dikembangkan dengan tiga model, yaitu: a) Transaksi pembiayaan yang ditujukan untuk memiliki barang dilakukan dengan prinsip jual beli.Prinsip jual beli ini dikembang. b) Transaksi pembiayaan yang ditujukan untuk mendapatkan jasa dilakukan dengan prinsip sewa (Ijarah).Transaksi ijarah dilandasi adanya pemindahan m8anfaat. Jadi pada dasarnya prinsip ijarah sama dengan prinsip jual beli, namun perbedaannya terletak pada obyek transaksinya. Bila pada jual beli obyek transaksinya adalah barang, maka pada ijarah obyek transaksinya jasa. c) Transaksi pembiayaan yang ditujukan untuk usaha kerjasama yang ditujukan guna mendapatkan sekaligus barang dan jasa, dengan prinsip bagi hasil. Prinsip bagi hasil untuk produk pembiayaan di bank syariah dioperasionalkan dengan pola-pola musyarakah dan mudharabah. Jasa Layanan Perbankan, yang dioperasionalkan dengan pola hiwalah, rahn, al-qardh, wakalah, dan kafalah.Prinsip utama operasional bank berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah adalah hukum Islam yang bersumber dari Al Qur’an dan Al Hadist. Kegiatn operasional bank harus memperhatikan perintah dan larangan kedua sumber tersebut. Larangan terutama berkaitan dengan kegiatan bank yang dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai riba.
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